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NOTES
1. Jewish mother
(née Fanya Davidovna Vulf), non-Jewish father; see The
Encyclopedia
of Russian Jewry, Biographies A-I, edited by Herman Branover (Jason
Aronson, Northvale, NJ, 1998, p. 10) and Candid
Science V: Conversations with Famous Scientists, by Balazs
Hargittai and István Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London,
2005, p. 185).
2. See The Encyclopedia of Russian Jewry, Biographies A-I, edited by Herman Branover (Jason Aronson, Northvale, NJ, 1998, p. 10). 3. See pp 19-20 of the interview at http://www.cemba.psu.edu/alder.pdf. 4. See The Encyclopedia of Russian Jewry, Biographies A-I, edited by Herman Branover (Jason Aronson, Northvale, NJ, 1998, p. 37). Mother's maiden name was Anna Rosenblum. NB: This reference includes biographies of individuals who are both of Jewish and of half-Jewish parentage, but does not generally specify which is, in fact, the case. Alferov's father, Ivan Karpovich Alferov, was most likely not Jewish. 5. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father; see Celestial Encounters, by F. Diacu and P. Holmes (Princeton, 1996, p. 191). 6. Mixed, but mostly Jewish background. See Biographical Memoirs, Volume 75 (National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1998, p. 4). 7. See The Encyclopedia of Russian Jewry, Biographies A-I, edited by Herman Branover (Jason Aronson, Northvale, NJ, 1998, p. 142). 8. See The Encyclopedia of Russian Jewry, Biographies A-I, edited by Herman Branover (Jason Aronson, Northvale, NJ, 1998, p. 143). 9. See The Jewish Year Book: 2005, edited by Stephen Massil (Vallentine Mitchell, London, 2005, p. 213). 10. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father. 11. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father. 12. See the January 1993 issue of Physics Today (p. 20), where Charpak describes his capture by the Nazis while serving in the French Resistance as follows: "Luckily I was only regarded as a Pole and a terrorist. They didn't know that I was a Jew." 13. See The Who's Who of Nobel Prize Winners 1901-1995, 3rd Ed. by Bernard S. and June H. Schlessinger (Oryx Press, Phoenix, AZ,1996, p. 209). 14. Jewish father (Dr. Lewis Lipman Seligman), non-Jewish mother. DeWitt was born Carl Seligman. 15. See Facts and Mysteries in Elementary Particle Physics, by Martinus Veltman (World Scientific, Singapore, London, and River Edge, NJ, 2003, p. 287). 16. See The Encyclopedia of Russian Jewry, Biographies A-I, edited by Herman Branover (Jason Aronson, Northvale, NJ, 1998, pp. 351-352). Frank's father was Jewish. 17. Friedmann's paternal grandfather was a Jewish cantonist. These were Jewish children conscripted into Russian military institutions, where they received military training and were placed under intense pressure to convert. Upon reaching the age of eighteen, they were then forced to serve in the Czarist army for another twenty-five years. The degree of Friedmann's Jewish ancestry is unclear, but he was probably no more than one-half Jewish. See Alexander A. Friedmann: the Man who Made the Universe Expand, by E. A. Tropp, V. Ya. Frenkel, and A. D. Chernin (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, 1993, Chapter 1). See also http://www.jewishgen.org/Belarus/rje_f.htm, which contains entries for both Friedmann and his father (both names spelled "Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Fridman"). 18. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother. 19. See The Concise Dictionary of American Jewish Biography: Volume One, edited by Jacob Rader Marcus and Judith M. Daniels (Carlson Publishing, Brooklyn, NY, 1994, p. 229). 20. See The Encyclopedia of Russian Jewry, Biographies A-I, edited by Herman Branover (Jason Aronson, Northvale, NJ, 1998, p. 507). 21. See Lonely Hearts of the Cosmos, by Dennis Overbye (Harper, New York, 1992, p. 217). 22. See The Pioneers of NMR and Magnetic Resonance in Medicine: The Story of MRI, by James Mattson and Merrill Simon (Bar-Ilan University Press, Dean Books, Jericho, NY, 1996, p. 476). 23. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother. Jed Buchwald's biography of Heinrich Hertz, The Creation of Scientific Effects: Heinrich Hertz and the Discovery of Electric Waves (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1994, p. 45), conveys the misimpression that Hertz's paternal grandmother was not of Jewish origin. She was, in fact, born Betty Oppenheim and was the daughter of the prominent Jewish banker Salomon Oppenheim and his wife, whose maiden name was Levy. Hertz's father, Gustav Ferdinand Hertz (originally David Gustav Hertz), and both of Hertz's paternal grandparents, Heinrich David Hertz (originally Hertz Hertz) and Betty Oppenheim, all converted to Christianity. (See genealogical chart on p. 46 of Buchwald's biography and http://www.rrz.uni-hamburg.de/rz3a035/bundesstrasse1.html.) 24. See http://www.physik.tu-dresden.de/itp/members/kobe/isingconf.html. 25. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother. See A Jew in Rome, by Richard Ellis in the April 2001 issue of Midstream. 26. See http://www.jewishgen.org/Belarus/rje_k.htm. Mother, née Lyudmila Vsevolodovna Keldysh, was not Jewish; father was Benjamin Granovskii. 27. See http://www.jewishgen.org/Belarus/rje_k.htm. 28. See http://www.jewishgen.org/Belarus/rje_k.htm. 29. See p. 159 of http://books.nap.edu/books/0309033918/html/156.html. 30. Son of the Jewish biochemist Hans Kosterlitz; see Anatomy of a Scientific Discovery, by Jeff Goldberg (Bantam, New York, 1988, pp. 11 and 111). 31. See Encyclopaedia Judaica, Vol. 13 (Keter, Jerusalem, 1972, p. 490). 32. See Chaos: Making a New Science, by James Gleick (Viking, New York, 1987, p. 191). 33. See QED and the Men Who Made It, by Silvan S. Schweber (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1994, p. 584). 34. See http://books.nap.edu/books/0309055415/html/242.html#pagetop. 35. See Physics Today, March 2002, p. 89. 36. See SETI Pioneers: Scientists Talk About Their Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, by David Swift (University of Arizon Press, Tucson, 1990, p. 28). See also Figure 11 and the sixth paragraph preceding it in http://www.skeptic.com/newsworthy06.html. 37. See pp. 44-45 of Die Wiener Schule der Hochpolymerforschung in England und Amerika: Emigration, Wissenschaftswandel und Innovation, by Johannes Feichtinger: http://gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at/~johannes/%D6SHpF,%20Projekt.pdf. 38. Jewish mother (née Feigenbaum). Information based on statements made by Prof. Müller during a 2006 visit to Israel to receive an honorary doctorate from Bar-Ilan University. 39. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother; see http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1996/osheroff-autobio.html. 40. Pauli described himself as being three-quarters Jewish in a letter to the director of the Institute for Advanced Study, Frank Aydelotte, quoted in the April 1995 issue of Physics Today (p. 86). See also http://www.ethbib.ethz.ch/exhibit/pauli/ausreise_e.html. According to the family-authorized biography of Pauli by Charles Enz, No Time to be Brief: A Scientific Biography of Wolfgang Pauli (Oxford, Oxford and New York, 2002, pp. 1-7), three of Pauli's four grandparents (all but his maternal grandmother) were Jewish. Specifically, Pauli's father, Wolfgang Pauli, Sr. (originally Wolf Pascheles, whose parents came from the prominent Jewish Pascheles and Utitz families of Prague), converted from Judaism to Roman Catholicism shortly before his marriage in 1899 to Bertha Camilla Schütz. Bertha Schütz was raised in her mother's Roman Catholic religion, but her father was the Jewish writer Friedrich Schütz (whose biography can be found on p. 469 of Vol. 5 of S. Wininger's Grosse Jüdische National-Biographie). Although Pauli was raised as a Roman Catholic, eventually he (and his parents) left the Church. 41. See The Jewish Yearbook 1994, by Stephen W. Massil (Vallentine Mitchell, London, 1994, p. 210). 42. See http://www.jewishgen.org/Belarus/rje_p.htm. 43. See the December 1980 issue of Quest, p. 86, in which Mary Lukas describes the Prigogine family's emigration from revolutionary Russia to Berlin, and finally to Brussels, where Prigogine found himself "an oddity, a little Jewish boy from somewhere in the East." See also The Who's Who of Nobel Prize Winners 1901-1995, 3rd Ed., by Bernard S. and June H. Schlessinger (Oryx Press, Phoenix, AZ, 1996, p. 33), http://www.amyisrael.co.il/europe/belgium/#Jews in Belgium, and http://www.jewishgen.org/Belarus/rje_p.htm. 44. Jewish mother, father of half-Jewish descent; see http://books.nap.edu/books/0309052378/html/268.html#pagetop. 45. See http://www.jewishgen.org/Belarus/rje_r.htm. 46. See http://books.cambridge.org/0521364396.htm. 47. See http://www.jewishgen.org/Belarus/rje_r.htm. 48. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother. See section entitled "Background and Education, Toronto" in 1996 interview with Suzanne B. Riess. 49. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother. 50. See Peace and War: Reminiscences of a Life on the Frontiers of Science, by Robert Serber with Robert Crease (Columbia University Press, New York, 1998, Chapter 1). 51. See The Encyclopedia of Russian Jewry, Biographies A-I, edited by Herman Branover, Jason Aronson, Northvale, NJ, 1998, pp. 351-352; see also the article by Mark Kuchment in the June 1988 issue of Physics Today, p. 82. The extent of Tamm's Jewish background is unclear. 52. See Candid Science IV: Conversations with Famous Physicists, by Magdolna and István Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2004, p. 182). 53. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father; see Facts and Mysteries in Elementary Particle Physics, by Martinus Veltman (World Scientific, Singapore, London, and River Edge, NJ, 2003, p. 173). 54. According to an obituary written by his widow, Weber was born into a family of Jewish immigrants. 55. According to the account given in his memoirs, both of Wigner's parents were Jewish, although the family converted to Lutheranism when he was a teenager (See The Recollections of Eugene Wigner, Plenum, New York, NY, 1992). 56. See http://shum.huji.ac.il/~dutchjew/genealog/spits/totaal.htm. |
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