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NOTES
1. See pp. 19-20 of the interview at http://www.cemba.psu.edu/alder.pdf. 2. Convert to Judaism. See http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/KK. 3. See interview in Candid Science III: More Conversations with Famous Chemists, by István Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2003, pp. 153-154). Bader's mother was non-Jewish, but he describes himself as a "convinced Jew." 4. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father. 5. See interview in Candid Science III: More Conversations with Famous Chemists, by István Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2003, p. 159). 6. See interview in Candid Science: Conversations with Famous Chemists, by István Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2000, p. 427). 7. See interview in Candid Science: Conversations with Famous Chemists, by István Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2000, p. 19). 8. Gerty Cori appears on some Jewish lists, but not on others, and has been described as being only half-Jewish. The most comprehensive biographical portrait of her is contained in Sharon McGrayne's Nobel Prize Women in Science (Birch Lane, New York, NY, 1993). McGrayne's account is based on interviews with more than a dozen of Cori's close friends and associates, with the details of her religious background obtained from interviews with Professor Viktor Hamburger and Ann Cori. According to McGrayne, Cori was Jewish, but converted to Roman Catholicism prior to her marriage to Carl Cori in order to lessen the objections of his family, which felt that marriage to a Jewish woman would doom his prospects for an academic career in Europe. This is in close agreement with the note on Gerty Cori published by Joseph Larner in Biographical Memoirs, Volume 61 (National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1992, p. 112). Further confirmation can be found in the interview with Arthur Kornberg (1959) that appears in Candid Science II by István Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2002, p. 58). 9. See interview in Candid Science II: Conversations with Famous Biomedical Scientists, by István Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2002, p. 378). 10. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother, according to a follow-up dipatch issued by the Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA) several days after publication of its October 14, 1992 story on that year's Nobel Prizes, written by Tom Tugend. Fischer is a member of the Board of Governors of the Weizmann Institute. 11. Information elsewhere on the web contains the claim that Casimir Funk was not Jewish. Among the many references which describe Funk as having been Jewish is Who's Who in World Jewry 1965: A Biographical Dictionary of Outstanding Jews, edited by Harry Schneiderman and I.J. Carmin Karpman (McKay, New York, 1965, p. 417). This reference is particularly significant in this connection since all of the biographical profiles that it contains were based on data supplied by the profiled individuals themselves, and later approved by them. 12. See p. 111 of http://www.nap.edu/books/0309055415/html/82.html. 13. See http://www.amyisrael.co.il/europe/belgium/#Jews in Belgium. 14. See Encyclopaedia Judaica, Vol. 5 (Keter, Jerusalem, 1972, p. 383). 15. See http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/2000/heeger-autobio.html. 16. See Encyclopaedia Judaica, Vol. 5 (Keter, Jerusalem, 1972, p. 383). 17. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother; see http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1996/kroto-autobio.html. 18. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother. See, e.g., the last paragraph of the section entitled "I.G. FARBENINDUSTRIE" at http://www.nap.edu/html/biomems/hmark.html. 19. See Physics Today, March 2002, p. 89. 20. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father. 21. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father; identifies as a Jew, according to interview in Candid Science II: Conversations with Famous Biomedical Scientists, by István Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2002, p. 567). 22. George Olah's autobiographical memoirs, A Life of Magic Chemistry (Wiley Interscience, NY, 2001, p. 45), briefly describes the last months of World War II in Hungary. (It was during this period that the Nazis attempted to deport the Jewish population of Budapest.) He states "I do not want to relive here in any detail some of my very difficult, even horrifying, experiences of this period, hiding out the last months of the war in Budapest. Suffice it to say that my parents and I survived." That statement is the closest he comes to identifying himself as being Jewish. Nearly everything in the book is consistent with an upper middle class Hungarian Jewish background, with the exception of his attendance at the Gymnasium of the Piarist Fathers, a Roman Catholic teaching order. (It should be noted, however, that many of the parochial schools in Budapest had significant Jewish enrollments.) Further information has materialized as a result of the publication of an op-ed piece in the New York Times on the Holocaust in Hungary, written by Kati Marton ("A Town's Hidden Memory," 21 July 2002). This article resulted in a considerable amount of controversy and letters to the editor. One such letter by J. L. Jankovich of San Jose, CA, which was sent to the Times, but apparently not published, could previously be found at: http://hungaria.org/lists/lobby/admin/article.php?articleid=136. Concerning the German military occupation that began in the spring of 1944, it states: "Yet for months thereafter our Jewish classmates could still attend our Catholic high school and, after the interruptions of the 1944-45 winter, graduated there. (One of them, Mr. George Olah, now an American citizen, just received the Nobel prize a few years ago and went back to visit his old school with pride.)" See also Our Lives: Encounters of a Scientist, by István Hargittai (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 2004, p. 77). 23. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother, according to interview in Candid Science III: More Conversations with Famous Chemists, by István Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2003, p. 239-241). 24. Son of the Hungarian Jewish physical chemist and philosopher Michael Polanyi. See also Ismerjük''oket?: zsidó származású nevezetes magyarok arcképcsarnoka, by István Reményi Gyenes (Ex Libris, Budapest, 1997). 25. See the December 1980 issue of Quest, p. 86, in which Mary Lukas describes the Prigogine family's emigration from revolutionary Russia to Berlin, and finally to Brussels, where Prigogine found himself "an oddity, a little Jewish boy from somewhere in the East." See also The Who's Who of Nobel Prize Winners 1901-1995, 3rd Ed. by Bernard S. and June H. Schlessinger (Oryx Press, Phoenix, AZ, 1996, p. 33), http://www.amyisrael.co.il/europe/belgium/#Jews in Belgium, and http://www.jewishgen.org/Belarus/rje_p.htm. 26. See http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/february2/ross-22.html. 27. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father according to interview in Bitter Prerequisites: A Faculty for Survival from Nazi Terror, by William Laird Kleine-Ahlbrandt (Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, IN, 2001, p. 48). See also http://www.purdue.edu/UNS/html4ever/010216.Nat.Ahlbrandt.book.html. 28. See The Concise Dictionary of American Jewish Biography: Volume Two, edited by Jacob Rader Marcus and Judith M. Daniels (Carlson Publishing, Brooklyn, NY, 1994, p. 564). 29. See Encyclopaedia Judaica, Vol. 5 (Keter, Jerusalem, 1972, p. 387). 30. See story by Leslie Katz entitled "Chemist, Shoah survivor nets Wolf Prize" in The Jewish News Weekly (formerly The JEWISH BULLETIN) of Northern California, 30 January, 1998: http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/7905/edition_id/150/format/html/displaystory.html 31. See interview in Candid Science III: More Conversations with Famous Chemists, by Istvan Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2003, p. 117). 32. See http://www.jewishgen.org/Belarus/rje_u.htm. 33. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother, according to an interview published in Candid Science II: Conversations with Famous Biomedical Scientists, by István Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2002, p. 562). 34. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother. 35. See http://www.jewishgen.org/Belarus/rje_z.htm. |
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