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NOTES
1. Convert to Judaism.
See http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/KK.2. See Encyclopaedia Judaica, Vol. 11 (Keter, Jerusalem, 1972, p. 1200). 3. See interview in Candid Science III: More Conversations with Famous Chemists, by István Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2003, p. 159). 4. See interview in Candid Science: Conversations with Famous Chemists, by István Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2000, p. 19). 5. Gerty Cori appears on some Jewish lists, but not on others, and has been described as being only half-Jewish. The most comprehensive biographical portrait of her is contained in Sharon McGrayne's Nobel Prize Women in Science (Birch Lane, New York, NY, 1993). McGrayne's account is based on interviews with more than a dozen of Cori's close friends and associates, with the details of her religious background obtained from interviews with Professor Viktor Hamburger and Ann Cori. According to McGrayne, Cori was Jewish, but converted to Roman Catholicism prior to her marriage to Carl Cori in order to lessen the objections of his family, which felt that marriage to a Jewish woman would doom his prospects for an academic career in Europe. This is in close agreement with the note on Gerty Cori published by Joseph Larner in Biographical Memoirs, Volume 61 (National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1992, p. 112). Further confirmation can be found in the interview with Arthur Kornberg (1959) that appears in Candid Science II by István Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2002, p. 58). 6. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother. 7. See interview in Candid Science II: Conversations with Famous Biomedical Scientists, by István Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2002, p. 378). 8. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother, according to a follow-up dipatch issued by the Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA) several days after publication of its October 14, 1992 story on that year's Nobel Prizes, written by Tom Tugend. Fischer is a member of the Board of Governors of the Weizmann Institute. 9. Information elsewhere on the Web contains the claim that Casimir Funk was not Jewish. Among the many references which describe Funk as having been Jewish is Who's Who in World Jewry 1965: A Biographical Dictionary of Outstanding Jews, edited by Harry Schneiderman and I.J. Carmin Karpman (McKay, New York, 1965, p. 417). This reference is particularly significant in this case since all of the biographical profiles that it contains were based on data supplied by the profiled individuals themselves, and later approved by them. 10. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother. 11. See http://www.amyisrael.co.il/europe/belgium/#Jews in Belgium. 12. Although born to Jewish parents, Greengard's mother died in childbirth and he was raised as a Christian by a non-Jewish stepmother; see http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/2000/greengard-autobio.html and interview in Candid Science V: Conversations with Famous Scientists, by Balazs Hargittai and István Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2005, pp. 650-653). 13. See Racing to the Beginning of the Road, by Robert Weinberg (Random House, New York, 1996, p. 230). 14. See The Biographical Dictionary of Scientists: Biologists, edited by David Abbott (Bedrick, New York, 1984, p. 72). See also A Commotion in the Blood: Life, Death, and the Immune System, by Stephen Hall (Henry Holt, New York, 1997, pp. 136-137). 15. See http://www.nap.edu/html/biomems/hkalckar.html. 16. See http://www.bath.ac.uk/ncuacs/guidei-k.htm#DKeilin. 17. Alfred Lotka was born in 1880 in Lemberg, Austria-Poland to parents who were missionaries associated with the London Society for Promoting Christianity Amongst the Jews. Many of these missionaries, including Lotka's father, were converted Jews themselves. In his History of the London Society for Promoting Christianity Amongst the Jews (London, 1908), W. T. Gidney describes Jacob Lotka (the father of Alfred Lotka) as a "Polish Israelite" (p. 354) and as a "Hebrew Christian" (p. 614). Jacob (also known as Jacques) Lotka headed the Society's station in Lemberg in the years 1873-1881 and later undertook missions to Jewish communities in Persia, Russia, and Hungary. No information in this respect is available to us at present concerning the mother of Alfred Lotka. 18. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father. 19. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father; identifies as a Jew, according to interview in Candid Science II: Conversations with Famous Biomedical Scientists, by István Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2002, p. 567). 20. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father. 21. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother; see http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/IndigLRes/car/1998/2/wtmar12.htm. 22. See http://www.jewishgen.org/Belarus/rje_p.htm. 23. Jewish maternal grandparents and paternal grandfather, non-Jewish paternal grandmother. 24. See the December 1980 issue of Quest, p. 86, in which Mary Lukas describes the Prigogine family's emigration from revolutionary Russia to Berlin, and finally to Brussels, where Prigogine found himself "an oddity, a little Jewish boy from somewhere in the East." See also The Who's Who of Nobel Prize Winners 1901-1995, 3rd Ed. by Bernard S. and June H. Schlessinger (Oryx Press, Phoenix, AZ, 1996, p. 33), http://www.amyisrael.co.il/europe/belgium/#Jews in Belgium, and http://www.jewishgen.org/Belarus/rje_p.htm. 25. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father according to interview in Bitter Prerequisites: A Faculty for Survival from Nazi Terror, by William Laird Kleine-Ahlbrandt (Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, IN, 2001, p. 48). See also http://www.purdue.edu/UNS/html4ever/010216.Nat.Ahlbrandt.book.html. 26. See last paragraph of http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/2002_b_presentation.htm. 27. See Encyclopaedia Judaica, Vol. 14 (Keter, Jerusalem, 1972, p. 594). 28. See The Timetables of Jewish History by Judah Gribetz (Simon and Schuster, New York, NY, 1993, p.634 ); Jews and Medicine, by Frank Heynick (KTAV, Hoboken, NJ, 2002, p. 574); and http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1977/schally-autobio.html. 29. See interview in Candid Science III: More Conversations with Famous Chemists, by Istvan Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2003, p. 117). 30. See Encyclopaedia Judaica, Vol. 15 (Keter, Jerusalem, 1972, p. 426). 31. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother, according to an interview published in Candid Science II, by István Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2002, p. 562). 32. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother. 33. See Racing to the Beginning of the Road, by Robert Weinberg (Random House, New York, 1996, p. 19). 34. See http://www.jewishgen.org/Belarus/rje_z.htm. |
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